Childhood leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow in children. It is the most common type of cancer in children and tends to occur most often in children between the ages of 2 and 4. Leukemia occurs when abnormal white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, which can interfere with the body's ability to fight infections and make it difficult for the blood to carry oxygen. Research in childhood leukemia focuses on understanding the causes of the disease, developing new treatments and therapies, and finding ways to improve outcomes and quality of life for children with leukemia. This research includes studying genetic and environmental factors that may increase the risk of developing leukemia, exploring the role of immune system in fighting leukemia cells, and testing new drugs and therapies in clinical trials. Collaborations between researchers, healthcare providers, and patient advocacy groups are essential in advancing research in childhood leukemia and improving outcomes for affected children.